Choosing within instruments & data collection
Primary data collection starts with the instrument. A questionnaire needs constructs mapped to validated items, sensible response scales, and a pilot test before launch. Interview, focus group and observation protocols need questions and prompts that fit your qualitative approach and are practical in the field. Online platforms such as Qualtrics, Google Forms, SurveyMonkey and KoboToolbox each have strengths for logic, offline collection and data export.
If your study uses existing data, the work shifts to locating credible sources, such as World Bank, IMF, Eurostat, national statistics offices or licensed databases like Compustat, and documenting variable definitions and coverage. And when interviews are complete, accurate transcription in the right style (verbatim or clean verbatim, and in the right language) is what makes analysis possible.